Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) an Vicia faba L. als Modellkombination zur Prüfung der Wirkung exogen applizierter Xenobiotika auf Aphiden. Endosymbiose der Aphididae.

Abstract

At the example of A. pisum the chief symbionts known for Aphididae and for some species also the secondary symbionts, their sites, the mycetocytes combined to mycetomes and the syncytial enveloping cells added to them are described. These symbionts are transmitted at a very early stage of embryogenesis during the formation of the blastula. As the egg production of the viviparous aphids extends from the last embryonal stages to the depositing of the first larvae by the virgo, infection by symbionts getting into the egg through a blastopore and first detectable as a ball of symbionts is possible during this period (in breeding about 7 d). The significance of the symbionts apparently lies in their participation in processes of both decomposition and synthesis in the metabolism of their host species. While the assumed lysosomal and phagocytic control mechanisms appear to have little influence on the maintaining of the symbiontic relation, the genetic control of the protein synthesis seems to be more important. Of the antibiotics, sulfonamides and chemosterilants tested for the production of aposymbiontic animals, tetracyclines proved to be most effective.