Revision der neotropischen Trauermücken – Teil I. Die Gattungen Cratyna WINNERTZ, Euricrium ENDERLEIN, Metangela RÜBSAAMEN, Pseudosciara SCHINER und Sciara MEIGEN (Diptera: Sciaridae).

Abstract

This revision covers 40 species of the genera Cratyna Winnertz, 1867 [4 species], Euricrium Enderlein, 1911 [8 species], Metangela Rübsaamen, 1894 [4 species], Pseudosciara Schiner, 1866 [21 species] and Sciara Meigen, 1803 [3 species]. The species are redescribed and illustrated. Sixty-three species are newly combined and four names identified as synonyms: Plastosciara barretoi Lane, 1960 is a new synonym of Cratyna boracensis (Lane, 1960); Plasto­sciara downsi Lane, 1960 is a new synonym of Cratyna cucarisi (Lane, 1960); Euricrium fulgescens Enderlein is a new synonym of Euricrium ruebsaameni (Enderlein); Pseudosc. aitkeni Lane, 1959 is a new synonym of Pseudosc. forceps (Pettey, 1918). In addition, 3 names are raised from synonymy [Metangela spinata Lane, 1955 restit., Pseudosc. ribeiroi (Lane, 1955) restit., Trichomegalosphys Enderlein, 1911 restit.], and 2 preoccupied names were replaced: Pseudos. willistoni Menzel nom. nov. for Sciara concinna Williston, 1896 [preocc.] and Pseudos. helleri Menzel nom. nov. for Sciara debilis Williston, 1896 [preocc.]. It was further found necessary to designate a lectotype for Pseudosc. willistoni Menzel nom. nov. and neotypes for Pseudosc. muricata (Lengersdorf, 1926), Pseudosciara thoracica (Lengersdorf, 1930) and Metangela bicolorata (Lengersdorf, 1930). Unknown males of two species are described and illustrated [Euricrium varians (Lane), Pseudosc. humeropicta (Lengersdorf)]. The genus group names Zygomma Enderlein, 1911 [preocc], Mapiria Edwards, 1934 and Muhabbetiola Koçak, 2009 are junior synonyms of Euricrium Enderlein, 1911. The genus Pseudosciara Schiner was split into two subgenera Pseudosciara s. str. and Pseudosciarella subgen. nov. After this revision the genera Apelmocreagris Enderlein, 1911, Trichomegalosphys Enderlein, 1911 and Trichosia Winnertz, 1867 are not represented within the Neotropical region and must be deleted from the catalog of Neotropical sciarids. The genus Pseudozygoneura Steffan, 1969 is also a synonym of Cratyna Winnertz. The 41 described species of Pseudozygoneura revised by Hippa et al. (1998) are therefore new combined in the subgenus Cratyna s. str.

Keywords

Diptera, Sciaridae, Apelmocreagris, Cratyna, Euricrium, Metangela, Pseudosciara, Sciara, Trichomegalosphys, Neotropical Region, systematics, new subgenus, new synonyms, new combinations, name changes, designation of types.

Nomenclatural Acts

acuminata (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura acuminata Hippa et al., 1998
aimoresi (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara aimoresi Lane, 1960
aurora (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura aurora Hippa et al., 1998
boracensis (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara boracensis Lane, 1960
brevimera (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura brevimera Hippa et al., 1998
brevispina (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura brevispina Hippa et al., 1998
caraosi (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara caraosi Lane, 1960
clavigera (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura clavigera Hippa et al., 1998
clavula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura clavula Hippa et al., 1998
clinostyla (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura clinostyla Hippa et al., 1998
collina (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura collina Hippa et al., 1998
conica (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura conica Hippa et al., 1998
coniciformis (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura coniciformis Hippa et al., 1998
consilia (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura consilia Hippa et al., 1998
constricta (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura constricta Hippa et al., 1998
coronicornis (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura coronicornis Hippa et al., 1998
crassichaeta (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura crassichaeta Hippa et al., 1998
crinita (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura crinita Hippa et al., 1998
cucarisi (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara cucarisi Lane, 1960
dactylica (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura dactylica Hippa et al., 1998
delicia (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura delicia Hippa et al., 1998
denticula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura denticula Hippa et al., 1998
epsilon (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura epsilon Hippa et al., 1998
excisa (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura excisa Hippa et al., 1998
expedita (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura expedita Hippa et al., 1998
flagelloparva (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura flagelloparva Hippa et al., 1998
foveola (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura foveola Hippa et al., 1998
ghanaensis (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura ghanaensis Hippa et al., 1998
gigas (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura gigas Hippa et al., 1998
index (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura index Hippa et al., 1998
indotata (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura indotata Hippa et al., 1998
integra (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura integra Hippa et al., 1998
intermedia (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura intermedia Hippa et al., 1998
kirkspriggsi (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura kirkspriggsi Hippa et al., 1998
lagena (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura lagena Hippa et al., 1998
latidactyla (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura latidactyla Hippa et al., 1998
prominula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura prominula Hippa et al., 1998
protrusa (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura protrusa Hippa et al., 1998
quadrifalx (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura quadrifalx Hippa et al., 1998
redunca (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura redunca Hippa et al., 1998
sagitta (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura sagitta Hippa et al., 1998
senticosa (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura senticosa Hippa et al., 1998
spicicauda (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura spicicauda Hippa et al., 1998
torula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura torula Hippa et al., 1998
trichodactyla (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura trichodactyla Hippa et al., 1998
acutum (Mohrig, 2003) (Euricrium), comb. n.
alboantennatum (Lane, 1946) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura alboantennata Lane, 1946
bolivianum (Edwards, 1934) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura boliviana Edwards, 1934
fasciatellum (Enderlein, 1911) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygomma fasciatellum Enderlein, 1911
freemani (Lane, 1955) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura freemani Lane, 1955
glaberrimum (Edwards, 1934) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura glaberrima Edwards, 1934
modicum (Mohrig, 2003) (Euricrium), comb. n.
pernitidum (Edwards, 1914) (Euricrium), comb. n.
suspiciosum (Mohrig, 2003) (Euricrium), comb. n.
transversale (Edwards, 1934) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Malpiria transversalis Edwards, 1934
varians (Lane, 1955) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura varians Lane, 1955
fulgescens Enderlein, 1911 (Lycoria), syn. n. of Euricrium ruebsaameni Enderlein, 1911
bicolorata (Lengersdorf, 1930) (Metangela), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia bicolorata lengersdorf, 1930
spinata Lane, 1955 (Metangela), stat. rev. hitherto a synonym of Metangela calliptera Rübsaamen
barrettoi (Lane, 1960) (Plastosciara), syn. n. of Cratyna (Cratyna) boracensis Lane, 1960
downsi (Lane, 1960) (Plastosciara), syn. n. of Cratyna (Cratyna) curarisi Lane, 1960
aitkeni Lane, 1959 (Pseudosciara), syn. n. of Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara) forceps (Pettey, 1918)
Pseudosciarella Mohrig & Menzel, 2014 (Pseudosciara), subgen. n.
antunesi (Lane, 1946) (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia antunesi Lane, 1946
helleri Menzel, 2014 (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), nom. n. pro Sciara debilis Williston, 1896, nec Sciara debilis Winnertz, 1867
pubescens (Morgante, 1969) (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia pubescens Morgante, 1969
ribeiroi (Lane, 1955) (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia ribeiroi Lane, 1955 and erroneously placed into the genus Trichomegalosphys Enderlein, 1911
willistoni Menzel, 2014 (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), nom. n. pro Sciara concinna Williston, 1896, nec Sciara concinna Winnertz, 1867
blandula (Lengersdorf, 1944) (Sciara), comb. n. hitherto Lycoria blandula Lengersdorf, 1944
leucacrocera (Enderlein, 1911) (Sciara), comb. n. hitherto Apelmocreagris leucacrocera Enderlein, 1911
Mapiria Edwards, 1934 (Sciaridae), syn. n. of Euricrium Enderlein, 1911
Muhabbetiola Koçak, 2009 (Sciaridae), syn. n. of Euricrium Enderlein, 1911
Zygomma Enderlein, 1911 (Sciaridae), syn. n. of Euricrium Enderlein, 1911
laticornis (Walker, 1857) (Trichomegalosphys), comb. n.