The Alysiinae (Hym., Braconidae) parasites of Agromyzidae (Diptera). III. The parasites of Paraphytomyza Enderlein, Phytagromyza Hendel und Phytomyza Fallén.

Abstract

1. This paper, the third of a series, deals with the Alysiinae parasites in Europe of Paraphytomyza Enderlein, Phytagromyza Hendel and Phytomyza Fallen. These belong to five genera of Dacnusini (Exotela, Priapsis, Coloneura, Dacnusa and Chorebus) and two non-Dacnusine genera, Dapsilarthra Förster and Pseudopezomachus Mantero. The concept of Phytomyza used in this paper includes leaf-mining species formerly included in Napomyza Haliday . The parasites of true Napomyza spp. are not treated. - 2. The Dacnusini parasites nearly all exhibit a high degree of host specificity. This is especially marked in Chorebus, the majority of whose species have only been obtained from a single host. Two species of Dacnusa (D. maculipes Thomson and D. laevipectus Thomson) exhibit secondary oligophagy. The non-Dacnusine species are also oligophagous. - 3. Revised keys are given for Exotela and Dacnusa. Keys are also given for the parasites of particular host-groups, to facilitate the identification of bred material. - 4. In the course of a discussion on the evolution of the parasites in relation to their hosts, priorities in the host association of Exotela and Dacnusa are suggested and instances of vicariance at a low taxonomic level given for Chorebus. - 5. Complete host/parasite lists have again been prepared, intended to supersede previously published lists for Europe. - 6. Forty new species are described, six in Exotela, one in Coloneura, seventeen in Dacnusa and sexteen in Chorebus; and one new subspecies in Exotela.

Nomenclatural Acts

exserens Nees, 1834 (Alysia), syn. n. of Dacnusa pubescens (Curtis, 1826)
abaris (Nixon, 1943) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa abaris
albimarginis Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
albipes (Haliday, 1839) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Alysia (Dacnusa) albipes
alecto (Morley, 1924) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Rhizarcha alecto
amasis (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa amasis
angelicae (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa angelicae
armida (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa armida
bensoni (Nixon, 1943) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa bensoni
buhri Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
calthae Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
canariensis Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
crassipes (Stelfox, 1954) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa crassipes
dagda (Nixon, 1943) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa dagda
endymion Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
ergias (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa ergias
fallaciosae Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
fallax (Nixon, 1937) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa fallax
flavipes (Goureau, 1851) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa flavipes
gentianellus Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
gnaphalii Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
kama (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa kama
luzulae Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
merion (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa merion
mitra (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa mitra
nana (Nixon, 1943) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa nana
oreoselini Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
pimpinellae Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
punctus (Goureau, 1851) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa punctum
sativi (Nixon, 1943) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa sativi
scabiosae Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
sylvestris Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
tamiris (Nixon, 1943) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa tamiris
tanis (Nixon, 1945) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa tanis
tenellae Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
thalictri griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
thecla (Nixon, 1943) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa thecla
thusa (Nixon, 1937) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa thusa
xylostellus Griffiths, 1966 (Chorebus), spec. n.
major Griffiths, 1966 (Coloneura), spec. n.
alpestris Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
angelicina Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
brevistigma (Tobias, 1962) (Dacnusa), comb. n. hitherto Pachysema brevistigma
campanariae Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
centaureae Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
clematidis Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
delphinii Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
egeteles (Nixon, 1937) (Dacnusa), comb. n. hitherto Pachysema ergeteles
fuscipes Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
genitianae Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
helvetica Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
heringi Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
lithospermi Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
lonicerella Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
melicerta (Nixon, 1954) (Dacnusa), comb. n. hitherto Pachysema melicerta
merope (Nixon, 1948) (Dacnusa), comb. n. hitherto Rhizarcha merope
metula (Nixon, 1954) (Dacnusa), comb. n. hitherto Pachysema metula
nigrella Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
plantaginis Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
prisca Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
raissa Nixon, 1937 (Dacnusa), syn. n. of Chorebus flavipes (Goureau, 1851)
soldanellae Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
veronicae Griffiths, 1966 (Dacnusa), spec. n.
comis (Nixon, 1954) (Dacnusa sibirica), stat. n.; comb. n. hitherto Pachysema comis
aconiti Griffiths, 1966 (Exotela), spec. n.
lonicerae Griffiths, 1966 (Exotela), spec. n.
minuscula Griffiths, 1966 (Exotela), spec. n.
obscura Griffiths, 1966 (Exotela), spec. n.
senecionis Griffiths, 1966 (Exotela), spec. n.
sulcata (Tobias, 1962) (Exotela), comb. n. hitherto Pachysema sulcata
tatrica Griffiths, 1966 (Exotela), spec. n.
sonchina Griffiths, 1966 (Exotela cyclogaster), sspec. n.
umbellina (Nixon, 1954) (Exotela cyclogaster), stat. n. hitherto Toxelea umbellina
cercides Nixon, 1954 (Pachysema), syn. n. of Dacnusa discolor (Förster, 1862)
nitetis Nixon, 1948 (Rhizarcha), syn. n. of Dacnusa tarsalis Thomson, 1895